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…(Scopus)The Impact of Government Subsidies on the Adoption of Sustainable Farming Practices and Their Long-Term Effects on Rural-Agricultural Economic Development Practices
Hayder M. Ali
Department of Information Technology, College of Science, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
Sathiyasuntharam V
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Komali Govindu
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India.
Durai Arumugam Sivakolunthu Sreevelu Latha
Department of Information Technology, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai 600089, India
Aseel Smerat
Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan;Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Malathi Eswaran
Department of Computer Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, Tamil Nadu, India.
Zokir Mamadiyarov
Department of Finance and Tourism, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan;Department of Economics, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan;Department of Bank Accounting and Auditing, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Sudhakar Sengan
PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli – 627152, Tamil Nadu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v7i2.2739
Received: 14 September 2025; Published: 5 June 2026
Copyright © 2026 Hayder M. Ali, Sathiyasuntharam V, Komali Govindu, Durai Arumugam Sivakolunthu Sreevelu Latha, Aseel Smerat, Malathi Eswaran, Zokir Mamadiyarov, Sudhakar Sengan. Published by Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte. Ltd..
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The study proves the importance of smart farming (SF) practices in addressing environmental changes (EC) and helping sustainable agriculture (SA). It investigates the effects of government subsidies (GS), farmer awareness (FA), and market access (MA) on SF adoption in Bihar, India, utilizing data from 582 farmers in five distinct regions. The research employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze relationships among GS factors like farm size (FS), water resource management (WRM), soil quality (SQ), SF adoption, and the impact of FA and MA on financial outcomes. Results highlight that GS provides direct and indirect benefits for SF practices, particularly when FA is increased. GS impacts SF through an indirect pathway (GS → FA → SF) and proves a direct effect on SF adoption, with MA acting as a mediator. The findings indicate that SF adoption critically supports rural GDP growth and emphasize the importance of research and development for economic advantages. Also, SQ and WRM are very important to the adoption method. Farmers who practice SA are predicted to make more cash flow by having better market access, which is good for the sustainable environment. The model's validity is validated by fit measures, indicating robust results.
Keywords: Smart Farming; Organic Farming; Structural Equation Modelling; Machine Learning; Environmental Factors; Farmer Awareness